Dinar Recaps Blog Page — Dinar Recaps (2025)

RV Excerpts from the Restored Republic via a GCR: Update as of Mon. 30 Sept. 2024

Compiled Mon. 30 Sept. 2024 12:01 am ESTby Judy Byington

Liquidity Release is done in a certain order. The Elders, German Bonds and select Yellow Dragon Bonds must be paid first and have been.

A. Dubai 1 released for liquidity which then triggers Dubai 2&3.
B. F&P’s are released to recipients (they need D1 liquid, this is their hold up)
C. Bonds will be liquid (they need D1 to be liquid)

The China-Russia crypto pact is worrying some experts. It could challenge the US’s dominance and bring some new security risks to the cryptocurrency market. Global stability could be at stake as tensions grow around the world.

Navigating Security Risks and Cryptocurrency Market Dynamics and Growing Peril of Chinese-Russian Cooperation

Frederick Kempe, CEO of the Atlantic Council, highlighted key issues at the UN General Assembly. He stated:

“Two dark clouds hung over the United Nations General Assembly this week in New York. The first was the growing peril of Chinese-Russian common cause. The second was uncertainty about whether US leadership will rise to the challenge after the November elections.”This reflects the influence of the China-Russia crypto pact as well.

The US has sanctioned over 300 Chinese firms recently, but China’s behavior hasn’t changed. In Russia’s Dagestan region, crypto miners are going underground. Local Prime Minister Abdulmuslimov noted:

“The owners of illegal cryptocurrency mining installations are coming up with new methods of ‘circumventing’ the law – they install mining farms underground,”influenced by the China-Russia crypto pact.

Global Security Implications
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice sees our era as more dangerous than the Cold War. Kempe reported her concerns about “the gathering global threats running up against the perils of what she called ‘the four horsemen of the Apocalypse—populism, nativism, isolationism, and protectionism.'” Such concerns are exacerbated by the China-Russia crypto pact.

Cryptocurrency Regulation in Russia
Russia will enforce new crypto mining laws from November 1, 2024. The finance ministry will keep a list of approved crypto-mining companies. The influence of the China-Russia crypto pact is expected to be a significant factor in these new laws.

US Response and Future Outlook
The US plans to keep pressuring China for supporting Russia. Nicholas Burns, US ambassador to China, stated:

“We’re not going to stand by as China significantly helps Russia strengthen [not only] its armaments potential, but also its defense industrial base.”The crypto pact further complicates this stance.

The China-Russia crypto pact is a big challenge to US dominance. As cryptocurrency markets grow, global politics are changing. This could reshape how money moves around the world.

@ Newshounds News™

FORMER CHINESE FINANCE MINISTER URGES STUDY OF CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKETS

Former Chinese finance minister Zhu Guangyao calls for closer study of cryptocurrencies, citing global developments and potential economic importance.

▪️Former Chinese finance minister calls for closer study of crypto
▪️Cites Trump’s campaign remarks as reason for Beijing to pay attention
▪️Acknowledges risks but calls crypto crucial to digital economy
▪️Notes SEC approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs
▪️Contrasts mainland China’s caution with Hong Kong’s crypto embrace

Zhu Guangyao,China’s former minister of finance,has called on Beijing to pay closer attention to the cryptocurrency markets.

Speaking at a summit hosted by Tsinghua University,Zhu emphasized the need for the Chinese government to study recent international changes and policy adjustments in the crypto space.

The former minister’s remarks come in light of comments made by Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump on the U.S. campaign trail.

At the Bitcoin Conference in Nashville this July, Trump stated that the United States must fully embrace the crypto industry,warning that“China will do it”if America doesn’t take the lead.

Zhu highlighted Trump’s comparison of the crypto industry to the steel industry of a century ago, noting the candidate’s prediction that cryptocurrency might one day overtake gold.

This high-profile endorsement of crypto by a major U.S. political figure seems to have caught the attention of Chinese officials.

While acknowledging the potential of cryptocurrencies, Zhu alsostressed the importance of recognizing the risks associated with them.

He stated thatcrypto “has negative impacts, and we must fully recognize its risks and the harm it poses to capital markets.”However, he balanced this caution by describing cryptocurrency as“a crucial aspect of digital economy development.”

The former finance minister alsopointed to recent developments in the United States financial sector as a reason for China to reassess its stance on crypto.

Specifically, he mentionedthe Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) approval of bitcoin (BTC) and ether (ETH) exchange-traded funds (ETFs), despite initial opposition from the regulatory body.

This call for a closer examination of cryptocurrencies marks a potential shift in thinking among some Chinese officials.Mainland China has maintained a cautious approach to cryptocurrencies, with strict regulations in place.

However,Hong Kong, which operates under a semi-autonomous system of government and market regulations, has taken a more welcoming stance towards the crypto industry.

Hong Kong has recently listed bitcoin and ether ETFs, signaling a more open approach to cryptocurrency investments. Additionally, some members of Hong Kong’s mini-legislature have actively courted crypto businesses to set up operations in the city.

This divergence in approach between mainland China and Hong Konghighlights the complex landscape of cryptocurrency regulation in the region.

Zhu’s comments suggest that some Chinese officials may be reconsidering the country’s stance on cryptocurrencies in light of global developments.

The former finance minister’s call for further study indicates a recognition that the crypto industry is becoming an increasingly important part of the global financial landscape.

Dallas, United States, Texas, September 28th, 2024, Chainwire

Event Highlights Strategies for Integrating Digital Assets into Traditional Finance Portfolios

On September 19th, theDigital Fusion Summitconvened at the W Hotel -Victory in Dallas, Texas, bringing togetherfamily offices, institutional investors, andhigh-net-worth individualsfor an exclusive event focused on the burgeoning digital asset class.

Hosted on the 33rd Floor Altitude Center,the summit provided a premier platform for education, networking, and strategic discussions at the intersection of traditional finance and digital assets.

Co-hosted by industry leadersJake ClaverandMax AveryofDigital Ascension Group and Syndicately,alongsideJordan M. Hutchinson, President and Managing Partner of Black Ocean Capital & Jest Events, and supported byteam members Eric Ascione and Jedidiah Wick, the summit assembled experts to delve into opportunities, challenges, and investment strategies surrounding digital assets.

The event featured a series of panels and discussionsaddressing critical aspects of the digital asset landscape, including blockchain technology, cryptocurrency adoption, asset tokenization, and fintech innovations.

"What Digital Assets Really Mean for Family Offices: Strategy, Adoption, and Investment Opportunities"—This panel, moderated by Ray Fuentes, explored how family offices can develop effective strategies and assess value propositions in the digital asset space.

Panelists included thought leaders such as Jake Claver, Matthew Snider, Erin Friez, and Rustin Diehl, who shared insights on successful investment cases and adoption strategies within blockchain and cryptocurrency markets.

"Professional Service Providers for Digital Assets: Ensuring Security and Compliance"—Moderated by Rachel Wolfson, this discussion focused on the evolution of custody solutions, best practices for digital asset security, and navigating regulatory considerations in the cryptocurrency sphere.

Industry specialists Lee Mosbacker IV, Connor McLaughlin, Jake Claver, and John Wingate shared their expertise on navigating early-stage investments in digital assets and the tokenization process, highlighting how fintech innovations are reshaping liquidity in private markets.

"Legal Innovations in Blockchain"—Rachel Wolfson moderated this discussion with legal experts Rick Tapia, Rustin Diehl, and Erin Friez to explore the evolving legal frameworks shaping the blockchain and cryptocurrency sectors. The panel examined intellectual property rights, compliance issues, and the impact of regulatory changes on the deployment of blockchain technology and digital assets.

The summit also featured keynote speechesfrom Joe Medioli of Anchorage Digital and Lee Mosbacker IV of Cyrannus, providing deeper insights into institutional digital asset services and the importance of liquidity in private markets. Their presentations underscored the critical role of secure, compliant, and efficient digital asset solutions in the financial industry's future.

Sponsors Cyrannus, Anchorage Digital, and Securitize for Advisorsplayed a pivotal role in making the summit possible, demonstrating their commitment to advancing the digital asset ecosystem and supporting the integration of blockchain technology into mainstream finance.

The Digital Fusion Summit successfully bridged the gap between traditional finance and the digital asset landscape, offering attendees a comprehensive view of the opportunities and challenges in this rapidly evolving sector.

As digital assets, blockchain, and cryptocurrency continue to gain traction among institutional investors and family offices, events like this are crucial for fostering education, collaboration, and growth within the industry.

The success of this inaugural Digital Fusion Summit sets the stage for future events aimed at uniting traditional finance with the burgeoning world of digital assets. For those interested in attending upcoming events or learning more about opportunities in the digital asset space, the team at Digital Ascension Group welcomes inquiries.

XRP VS. TRADITIONAL BANKING SOLUTIONS: WHY BANKS ARE TAKING NOTICE OF RIPPLE

▪️The role of XRP as a bridge currency in global finance is gaining traction.

▪️Top Analyst uncovers key factors that can drive XRP’s adoption.

XRP, the cryptocurrency associated with Ripple Labs Inc., is often described as a bridge currency that can be integrated with the traditional banking sector. At the moment, there are heightened discussions on why banks should use XRP for payments.

Why Banks Are Taking Notice of Ripple
In an X post, crypto investor and analystCryptoTankhighlighted several reasons banks would use XRP instead of other digital tokens or a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC).

First,the analyst pointed out that the traditional banking sector is competitive. He noted that smaller banks compete with larger banks like JPMorgan for market share and customers.

Therefore, he claimsbanks will be uninterested in accepting each other’s digital token or CBDC since doing so will give bigger rivals a competitive advantage. The analyst added thatthe smaller banks’ agreement could give bigger banks total control of how the tokens will be issued and used.

Essentially, the analyst opined thatthe bigger banks could eventually exert tough conditions that might put smaller ones out of business.

J.P. Morgan or B of A, or any other competitor. If they agreed to that the the Big bank could set the terms and control how that token is issued, used, etc to the smaller banks. Essentially able to put them out of business if they wanted to. Which of course they do…

— CryptoTank (@Tank2033js) September 24, 2024

CryptoTank’s second pointhinges on liquidity.He emphasized howbanks are desperate to get liquidity that is easily accessible, cheap, and with low to zero friction. He noted thatthe SWIFT network, developed as a payment solution for financial institutions, is still far behind in technology. The analyst stated thatthe network is slow, costly, and has friction, thus limiting its use by traditional banks.

CryptoTank highlighted thatthe fundamental idea behind the new financial system and the digital age is the seamless transfer of value. He added thatthe BRICS alliance was created by countries seeking freedom from the traditional banking system. According to the analyst,the United States and the United Kingdom have had authority over sanctions, which often caused financial harm to them.

Documents from the BIS, IMF, and WEF claim a neutral bridge currency is needed to provide a seamless transfer of value globally. This would avoid friction and failed transactions and allow banks to free up Nostro Vostro accounts.

Comparing XRP to XLM as a Solution to Financial Freedom
Many think Stellar’s XLM could be used for seamless value transfer instead of XRP. CryptoTank, however, pointed out thatXLM was created for peer-to-peer smaller transactions and banking the unbanked globally and not as a bridge currency.

On the other hand, he noted thatXRP is not a utility token. The analyst describes XRP as a token created specifically for transferring huge amounts of value at a low cost, high speed, and without friction.

The analyst highlighted howRipple uses XRP as a bridge asset to move value for its On-Demand Liquidity (ODL). As noted in an earlier CNF post,wealth advisor Mickleclaimsdemand for XRP among market makers will increase as global ODL transactions expand.

CryptoTank highlights Ripple’s partnership with the BIS, IMF, WEF, and central banks, further strengthening XRP’s case as the appropriate bridge currency.

“Sitting at the head tables with the Global leaders of Finance and Banking. Crafting the rules, regulations, and how the new system will work…It doesn’t take a genius to see where this is going,”CryptoTank emphasized.

@ Newshounds News™

GOLDMAN SACHS FORECASTS WEAKER DOLLAR AS FED BEGINS INTEREST RATE REVERSAL: REPORT

Banking giant Goldman Sachs is forecasting a weaker US dollar following the interest rate reversal from the Federal Reserve.

In a new note to investors covered by Bloomberg, Goldman strategists say agradual weakening of the greenback is expected now that lower rates have lessened the dollar’s appeal.

The bank saidthe Fed’s recent cut of 50 basis points (bps) showed a willingness to respond aggressively to a potential economic downturn, justifying expectations of relative weakness for the dollar against other major currencies including the euro, pound and yen.

Goldman is now predicting upward moves in the euro and the pound against the dollar, predicting $1.15 for EUR/USD, a 2.67% boost, and $1.40 for GBP/USD, a 4.47% rally from current prices.

Says the Goldman strategists,

“This balance should entail a weaker dollar over time, but we still expect that to be a gradual and uneven process. We also still believe the dollar’s high valuation will not be eroded quickly or easily, but the bar has been lowered a bit…

Support for sterling is coming both from its risk beta as well as solid growth momentum and a patient BOE. Markets have priced out US recession risk, benefiting risky assets and pro-cyclical currencies like sterling.”

Goldman’s call for a weaker dollar differs from the forecast from German banking titan Deutsche Bank, who believes that a potential Donald Trump presidency will ultimately boost the dollar relative to other currencies.

“We think pricing for the Fed is too dovish and that the market is underpricing the dollar positive risks around a Trump victory, so we like buying the USD.”

XRP RECOGNIZED BY SWIFT AS A BRIDGE CURRENCY FOR 11,000+ BANKS

▪️XRP was recognised as a bridge currency by SWIFT, an interbank messaging platform that connects over 11,000 banks globally and facilitates $150 trillion in transfers annually.

▪️While the two were initially viewed as rivals, they work even better together, with SWIFT bringing legacy finance connections while XRP provides the tech.

Years ago, XRP was viewed as the ultimate solution that would wipe off traditional cross-border rails, with SWIFT being put on notice. However, crypto has matured since then, and its enthusiasts have recognized that it’s easier to integrate with established players than to fight them,Now, XRP is seen as complementary to SWIFT rather than a whole new solution.

SWIFT has also warmed up to XRP, and in a partnership with blockchain consortium R3 that extends back over five years, the interbank messaging platform mentioned XRP as one of the options for a bridge currency between its participants.

SWIFT is the world’s most popular interbank messaging protocol, connecting over 11,000 global banks, ranging from multinational behemoths like JPMorgan and Bank of China to local union banks. In its most recent published figures, it revealed that it was recording 45 million transfers daily, resulting in $150 trillion worth of value transfers facilitated annually.

As XRP enthusiasts noted on social media, this recognition is important for XRP.

XRP for Global Fund Transfers
Today, sending an email or a chat message is instant and cheap. However,sending a financial message remains cumbersome, very costly and extremely slow. Most banks take three to five working days to deliver the funds, leading to the joke that it’s easier to take a flight and deliver the cash in hand rather than send it via SWIFT.

Since crypto launched, this has been one of the sectors it’s targeted.XRP has been one of the leaders in this revolution owing to its very low fees and fast transactions. While it has seen some traction, including integrating with several banks globally, it has yet to land its key moment.

Despite the integrations,Ripple is still pushing to completely overhaul the system. As we reported, CEO Brad Garlinghouse revealed recently he’s still focused on“trying to let value move the way information moves today.”

However,it doesn’t happen overnight, he noted.Being a payment network that handles people’s money, XRP and the interlinked systems are moving systematically slowly to ensure they are compliant with every financial regulation and avoid the walls caving in on the leaders as they have for former kingpins like Binance founder Changpeng Zhao and FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried, who prioritised speed over compliance.

💰 Silver, dubbed the "money of the people," is projected for 50% gains in 2024, potentially reaching $1 per ounce due to its diverse uses beyond gold.

📈 In the past 11 months, silver has outperformed gold by 61%, with analysts predicting a potential surge to $50 an ounce within 100 days if it breaks above $32.

🗓 2024 has been officially named the "year of the metals" by GSC commodity intelligence, marking the beginning of the "silver narrative" expected to continue into 2025.

The Economic Ninja encourages everyone to own at least 2 ounces of silver, calling it the "investment of the century" due to anticipated truth revelations.

🚀 Predictions suggest silver prices will reach all-time highs in 2025, with some analysts offering even more bullish forecasts for the precious metal's future value.

@ Newshounds News™

Source:The Economic Ninja

XRP NEWS: TOP RIPPLE EXECUTIVES TO ATTEND FEDERAL RESERVE BANK’S 8TH ANNUAL FINTECH CONFERENCE

▪️Ripple’s Brad Garlinghouse and Chris Larsen have been reported to appear at the upcoming annual Fintech conference hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

▪️Before this, Ripple’s flagship event – the Swell conference, would be hosted with several industry key players expected to discuss the future of the crypto industry.

The price of XRP surged 4% daily after reports emerged that Ripple executives Brad Garlinghouse and Chris Larsen would make a groundbreaking appearance at the annual fintech conference.

According to details,the upcoming event would be the eighth edition hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia from October 22 to October 23.Based on the information available on the host’s website,this year’s conference would feature notable fintech professionals and researchers speaking on various topics, including real-world asset tokenization, banking-as-a-service, tokenized deposits, and the potential role of fintech in shaping the future of finance.

In addition to theRipple executives, the list of expected speakers at the event includesCoinbase lawyer Paul Grewal, and thehead of the Crypto Council for Innovation Sheila Warren.

The Swell Conference by Ripple
From October 15-16,Ripple will also host its annual flagship event, the Swell Conference. According to the blockchain company, this event will be attended by more than 40 countries, over 600 attendees, and more than 50 speakers.

Based on the document we have, some of thefeatured speakerswould includeRipple’s Brad Garlinghouse, superintendent at the New York State Department of Financial ServicesAdrienne Harris, former chair of the FDIC and founding chair of the Systemic Risk CouncilSheila Bair, global head of blockchain and digital assets at BBVAFrancisco Maroto, and Chief Security Officer at CoinbasePhilip Martin.

According to reports,the conference would discuss several topics to reveal how financial institutions and businesses leverage crypto in blockchain technology.

Court Case Still Hanging
Currently, the entire crypto industry is waiting for the appeal decision by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as the October 7 deadline is fast approaching. According to a former SEC lawyer, the Commission would likely appeal the ruling on the programmatic sales of XRP by Judge Analisa Torres as we reported. However,Ripple’s Chief Legal Officer Stuart Alderoty believes that the conflict has ended.

Attorney Jeremy Hogan commented on this and advised the Commission to consider its“mandate of investors’ protection”in its decision-making.

Of course, they think the opinion is wrong – they were on the losing side. What the SEC should be thinking of right now is whether an appeal furthers its mandate of investor protection and capital formation. Why isn’t that top of mind? More evidence the SEC has lost the plot.

The Crew: Samson, PompeyPeter, Petra, Daytrader, Sunkissed, GIGI and Militia Man

Be sure to listen to full video for all the news……..

SEC TAKES STEPS TO APPEAL JUDGE TORRES’ RULING ON XRP

▪️The SEC is preparing to appeal Judge Torres' ruling on XRP.

▪️Experts share mixed views on the outcome of the potential appeal.

▪️XRP's price is trending upward, reflecting increased investor interest.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is moving to appeal Judge Torres’ summary judgment on XRP in the Ripple case. Pro-XRP attorney John Deaton and other legal experts are assessing the likelihood of the SEC’s appeal and its potential ramifications.

Intent to Appeal by the SEC
Recently, the possibility of the SEC filing an appeal has increased. A former SEC attorney stated to Fox Business journalist Eleanor Terrett that the agency would likely challenge Judge Analisa Torres’ July 2023 ruling.

Legal Critiques and Expert Opinions
John Deaton, working pro bono for 75,000 XRP holders, noted that judges have criticized the SEC’s adherence to the law. He pointed out that under Gary Gensler’s leadership, the SEC might still pursue an appeal, which could waste taxpayer money.

“I don’t believe an appeals court will rule that Judge Torres erred in applying the third criterion. Judge Torres’ decision was based on very specific facts. The SEC did not rely on any expert testimony regarding XRP holders (which was ultimately excluded), but the judge did.”

Deaton added that even if the Second Circuit judges determined that Judge Torres erred in applying the third criterion, the case would return to her, where the SEC would likely lose again, as the district court would conclude that the SEC failed to establish a ‘joint venture.’

The Only Way to Win the Case
Fred Rispoli agreed with Deaton, stating thatit would be very challenging for the SEC to alter Torres’ ruling. Rispoli expressed thatthe SEC’s chances of winning depend on the preferences of three randomly selected judges reviewing the case.

“If the SEC selects three SEC-friendly judges (rare but possible), it could win.”

Rispoli and other attorneys anticipate a last-minute appeal from the SEC.If the SEC does not appeal, it would be a significant victory for Ripple and the XRP community,allowing them to argue that all secondary sales do not constitute an investment contract.

There is a rising trend in XRP’s price, which has seen a 2% increase in the last 24 hours, currently trading at $0.602. The recorded low and high levels are $0.585 and $0.610, respectively. Additionally, trading volume has surged by 21% in the last day, indicating growing investor interest. XRP price analysis suggests a target price of $2.

CARDANO TURNS 7: A LOOK BACK AT KEY MILESTONES AND THE ROAD AHEAD

On Friday, the Cardano blockchain marked its seventh anniversary, solidifying its position as one of the most recognized protocols in the cryptocurrency market. Currently, Cardano’s native token, ADA, ranks eleventh among cryptocurrencies, boasting a market capitalization of approximately $14 billion.

Input Output Global (IOG), the development company behind Cardano, celebrated this milestone on social media, highlighting significant achievements since its inception by co-founder Charles Hoskinson, who also played a key role in the creation of the Ethereum blockchain.

Cardano’s Architectural Evolution Over Seven Years
In a commemorative video, IOG shared notable statistics reflecting Cardano’s growth and development.The blockchain has facilitated over 95 million transactions, showcasing its usage and adoption through the years.

Additionally, more than 74,000 Plutus scripts have been executed, which are essential for the effective deployment of smart contracts on the platform.

Cardano has also witnessed significant community engagement, with the creation of 1.3 million delegated wallets and the publication of 226 research papers. Furthermore, approximately 1,373 projects have been launched on the blockchain, also showcasing the community usage.

The Catalyst funding program, which has undergone 12 funding rounds, has played a crucial role in advancing the Cardano ecosystem. This initiative has supported over 1,800 funded ideas, fostering upgrades and further developments within the protocol.

However,the last seven years have also seen significant transformations in Cardano’s architecture. The transition from the Shelley era to the Alonzo hard fork marked a pivotal shift.

Moves Toward Decentralized Decision-Making
The Shelley era,which began in 2020, focused on decentralization and enhancing network security through the introduction of the Ouroboros upgrades.These upgrades improved stake pool operations and ADA delegation, encouraging staking rewards for users.

The Alonzo hard fork,implemented in 2021, enabled smart contract functionalities on Cardano,significantly increasing the block size and enhancing script memory unit parameters. This advancement allowed developers to create decentralized applications (dApps) that leverage Cardano’s capabilities.

Further enhancements came with theVasil and Chang upgrades, the latter being the first hard fork of the Voltaire era, the protocol’s final era. The Vasil upgrade, released in 2022, introduced new features, including Plutus script upgrades to reduce transaction costs and the implementation of diffusion pipelining for faster block propagation.

The recent Chang upgrade is being rolled out in two phases, introducing on-chain governance to the network. The first phase, which implements governance features through CIP-1694, sets the foundation for decentralized voting and governance actions.

The second phase will introduce additional governance functionalities, including delegated representative participation and treasury withdrawals, further empowering the community.

Next Steps In The Voltaire Era
Looking ahead,the second part of the Voltaire era will replace the initial genesis keys, which have been key in managing the network since its inception, with ongoing support from stake pool operators (SPOs) and increased involvement from delegated representatives (DReps) and the Constitutional Committee (CC).

The next steps toward achieving decentralized governanceinvolve ensuring that stake pool nodes meet the required thresholds for operation and that decentralized applications (DApps) are nearing completion.

The final transition to the Voltaire era will occur with the last use of the Genesis keys, which will trigger a hard fork and cement Cardano’s status as a self-sustaining blockchain.However, further announcements of subsequent upgrades and their respective dates remain undisclosed.

7 CONFUSING CRYPTO TERMS (ALMOST) NOBODY UNDERSTANDS

The crypto world is full of technical terms, some of which are so difficult that almost no one understands them.

Getting to grips with cryptocurrency isn’t easy.Even after you’ve got your head around Bitcoin and Ethereum and the difference between proof-of-work and proof-of-stake, there’s still a whole new world of terminology to learn and understand.

But even among fairly hardened cryptonians, there are still terms that are difficult to understand. Here are the seven terms that almost nobody in blockchain understands as fully or as deeply as they’d like.

Blobs
In the 1958 movie starring Steve McQueen, and its 1988 remake, The Blob is an amoeba-like jello monster that terrorizes the inhabitants of a small town, growing larger and redder as it consumes them.

In crypto, most especially Ethereum, blobs (Binary Large Objects) are substantial chunks of data not required by Ethereum’s electronic virtual machine (EVM). Blob data is held onchain for around 20-90 days and then deleted.

The result is a more cost-effective and scalable blockchain. As part of Ethereum’s Dencum update, blobs are often discussed in parallel to the next term on this list.

Blobs may also refer to chunks of data held on decentralized storage systems such as IPFS or Filecoin. These blobs are encrypted and stored across multiple nodes.

Finally,blobs can also refer to transaction blobs on Monero,which is the binary data of a transaction before it is broadcast to the network. Being that Monero is a privacy chain these blobs are structured in a way to maintain anonymity.

And that’s a whole lot of blobs.

Rollups
Rollups are a way of processing transactions on layer-2 protocols, freeing up valuable space on the base layer.A rollup folds transaction upon transaction on the layer-2 level, sometimes dozens of times over, then rolls them together before sending the data back to layer-1.

There are two main types of rollups,optimistic and zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs.

Optimistic rollupsis a fairly clear term. It means the rollup operates on an “optimistic” approach, assuming a transaction is valid unless proven wrong by a validator. They only check the validity of a transaction if there’s a dispute.

ZK rollupsprove a transaction without revealing any of the transaction data. Hence, “zero-knowledge.”

ZK-rollups offer instant finality because the cryptographic proof guarantees the data is valid.

In many ways a rollup is to your standard blockchain transaction what a Calzone is to a regular pizza slice. By rolling it over, you can fit more in.

Byzantine Fault Tolerance
It’s one of the classic blockchain terms and a key feature of the technology, but for most people, it’s something they spend absolutely no time thinking about.

The Byzantine Generalsproblem was a theoretical exercise that describes the difficulty of decentralized parties arriving at a consensus without a trusted centralized entity. Namely, it grappled with the possibility for bad actors to produce false information to produce a poor outcome in a given scenario.

Specifically,generals with no direct communication must attack Byzantium simultaneously to be victorious. If one of the generals retreats, or signals they will attack but then retreats, the battle will be a rout; worse than a coordinated retreat between all generals.

Satoshi Nakamoto solved the Byzantine Generals problem for Bitcoinby using a proof-of-work consensus mechanism.The significant amount of time and effort in creating a block is costly for the creator, thus giving them the incentive to produce accurate information.

A Byzantine fault is an error in a decentralized computing system that would show a different error or result to different actors, as in the Byzantine Generals problem.

Therefore,Byzantine fault toleranceis the resilience of that computing system to producing such a fault.

We hope this wasn't too Byzantine an explanation.
Proto-danksharding
Sharding is a means of partitioning a ledger into smaller pieces called shards.

But proto-dankshardingis one of the most opaque terms to enter the lexicon of the crypto world. The term just isn’t particularly instructive. Is proto short for prototype? Is this the same dank of your favorite meme folder? Both may be fairly reasonable assumptions, but both are wrong.

First proposed by Protolambda and Dankrad Feist,the creators who lent their names to the idea, proto-danksharding is a transaction type that accepts the aforementioned blobs. The blob-utilizing solution is designed to overcome Ethereum’s longstanding issues with high gas fees and low transaction throughput.

The blobs are used by layer-2 rollups to bundle transactions and submit them to the Ethereum base layer without overwhelming it.

But if proto-danksharding seems like a confusing and mysterious turn of phrase, you can instead choose to use the far more instructive name for the process; EIP-4844.

On second thoughts, the term proto-danksharding isn’t all that bad.

DVT — Distributed validator technology
Most people in cryptocurrency are already familiar with the validators that approve transactions in proof-of-stake consensus models.

DVT takes that concept and decentralizes the process across multiple validators. As described by Lido,DVT “functions as a system that operates similarly to a multisignature (multisig) setup for running a validator.”

This they call “simple DVT”though what’s simple about it remains a mystery.

Ultimately, DVT utilizes multiple operators instead of depending on a single operator, enhancing resilience and mitigating single points of failure.

Dynamic resharding
Dynamic resharding is not your grandmother’s old shards. Dynamic resharding is a relatively new term that Near Protocol’s marketing team has dubbed“the holy grail of sharding,”but it also creates a new lexicon that isn’t immediately understandable.

Building upon the concept of blockchain shards, resharding occurs when the network adjusts the number of shards depending on the load.

An overloaded shard can become two shards, while two underutilized shards can become one.

Nonce
Nonce is one of those terms most people come across during their early days of cryptocurrency discovery and then completely forget about, like the individual names of a large group of people you’ve just met at a party.

In the Bitcoin blockchain, the nonce is the number used in the block header, which is then cryptographically hashed. It is the number guessed through trial and error to decide which miner produces the next blockchain.

Nonce generationmakes the mining process more fair and transparent. It takes lots of computation power and energy to do and in some cases, miners may have to adjust the nonce multiple times before solving a block.

China pressed to speed up crypto policy as US takes Bitcoin ETF lead

▪️Former Finance Minister urges China to rethink crypto policy.

▪️China's allowance of Hong Kong ETF investments signals cautious steps toward crypto.

At a 2024 economic forum in Beijing, former Finance Minister Zhu Guangyao urged China to rethink its crypto approach amid accelerating US policies.

He acknowledged the risks but stressed the importance of staying updated on global shifts, stating,“We must fully recognise its risks and the harm it poses to capital markets, but we must study the latest international changes and policy adjustments because it is a crucial aspect of digital economy development.”

Zhu noted that the US has made significant policy changes this year, including the approval of 11 Bitcoin ETFs.

He even quoted former President Donald Trump, who has been advocating for embracing crypto to prevent China from taking the lead in the sector.

Trump’s opponent,Kamala Harris, has also recently adopted a stance on clear-cut and progressive crypto regulations.

This call for a policy shift echoes comments from Tron founderJustin Sun,who urged China to reconsider its stance on crypto following Trump’s endorsement of Bitcoin.

Sun tweeted in July,“China also needs to step up... US policies have warmed. China should make further progress.”

While China maintains a cautious stance, it has taken small steps towards becoming more open to crypto.

Chinese investors can still purchase crypto through Hong Kong-based firms, and in April, three Bitcoin ETFs were launched in Hong Kong.

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Final SOFR Announcement:

SOFR is a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities in the repurchase agreement (repo) market.

Interest rate differentials

When interest rates in one country are higher than another, investors may be more likely to invest in that country’s currency.

Economic growth

Low interest rates can stimulate economic growth by encouraging people and businesses to spend and invest. High interest rates can slow economic growth by making borrowing more expensive.

Asset prices

Interest rates can affect the price of financial assets like real estate, stocks, and bonds. When interest rates are low, investors may be more willing to invest in these assets.

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